Tax adjustments

In this form box, you are to report any non-deductible costs from R5–R10. These may pertain to costs that must be recognised, but which cannot be deducted in taxation. These may pertain to, for example:

• interest expenses on tax account
• hospitality costs
• association fees
• fines or tax surcharges.

If you have recognised any pension-insurance premiums, the amount is to be entered here. The individual who has paid for the premium is to deduct the amount that is deductible in R38.

Private expenses are not to be recognised in company books. If you have been using the company’s funds to pay for personal expenses, you are to charge these as withdrawals from equity (own withdrawal). If you have recognised personal expenses as a company cost, you are to enter the amount in this box.

If you are conducting business operations jointly with someone else, you are to use R13–R16 to report tax adjustments on revenue and expenses pertaining to the shared operations and which apply to all of the business partners. From R21 and onward, you are to report any personal adjustment items that impact only you.

In this form box, you are to report any revenue from R1–R4 that is not to be included. These may pertain to, for example:

• interest expenses on the tax account
• payment for forest harvesting rights (forest payment schedule)
• interest on forestry account or
• bonus issue.

Here, you can also deduct tax-free composition profits (without bankruptcy). Note that if you have unutilised losses from the preceding tax year, you are to deduct from this, the liabilities that were eliminated due to the composition. You are to deduct the tax-free composition in R14 and include the reduced loss amount in R15.

If you are conducting business operations jointly with someone else, you are to use R13–R16 to report tax adjustments on revenue and expenses pertaining to the shared operations and which apply to all of the business partners. From R21 and onward, you are to report any personal adjustment items that impact only you.

Here, you are to include income that you have not booked as revenue, but which must be included for taxation.

These may pertain to, for example:

• payment for forest harvesting rights (forest payment schedule) or
• bonus issues that were not taxed in the year that they were recognised as revenue (see R14).

If you are conducting business operations jointly with someone else, you are to use R13–R16 to report tax adjustments on revenue and expenses pertaining to the shared operations and which apply to all of the business partners. From R21 and onward, you are to report any personal adjustment items that impact only you.

Here, you are to include expenses that you have not booked as costs, but which must be included for taxation.

In this form box, you are also to charge recognised deductible expenses against equity (and which are thus not included in form boxes R5–R10).

Note that personal pension contributions or payments to pension savings accounts are to be deducted in R38.

If you are conducting business operations jointly with someone else, you are to use R13–R16 to report tax adjustments on revenue and expenses pertaining to the shared operations and which apply to all of the business partners. From R21 and onward, you are to report any personal adjustment items that impact only you.

Here, you are to calculate the total profit/loss from operations as derived from R12–R16.

Joint operations – profits reported by other entities

If you are the financial controller and are conducting business operations in partnership with others, in this box, you are to reduce the profits you recognised in form box R17 by the amount of profit reported by the other partners. You do this by deducting the taxable profit from the other partner(s) as a loss item.

Shared business operations – my share of the loss

If you are conducting business operations jointly with another person and you are not the financial controller, you are to deduct your portion of shared operational losses using this box.

Loss, in accordance with NEA appendix

If you have reported shared business operations or operations other than your principal operations in the NEA appendix, you are to use this box to deduct your share of the loss. You fetch the amount from R23 in the NEA appendix.

Joint business operations – losses reported by other entities

If you are the financial controller and are conducting business operations in partnership with others, in this box, you are to reduce the profits entered in form box R17 by the amount of profit reported by the other partner(s). You do this by including the loss that the other partner(s) will be deducting as a profit item.

Shared business operations – my share of the profit

If you are conducting business operations jointly with another person and you are not the financial controller, you are to include your portion of the shared operational profits using this box

Profit, in accordance with NEA appendix

If you have reported shared business operations or operations other than your principal operations in the NEA appendix, you are to use this box to include your share of the profits. You fetch the amount from R22 in the NEA appendix.

My share as the assisting spouse (+)

If you are the assisting spouse, you are to use this box to enter you share of the profit/loss for which you are taxable. As the assisting spouse, you can never recognise losses.

Share to assisting spouse (-)

If you had an assisting spouse who included and was taxed for a share of the profit, you are to deduct the amount in this box (loss item).

This is where you add the items R12–R20. You can thus determine your share of the profit/loss, upon which you are to make the requisite tax adjustments to calculate your taxable income.

The most frequent types of adjustments have their own boxes. Use this box to deduct an expense that has not been recognised and which does not have its own box. The same is applicable if you have booked revenue that is not taxable.

If you have prepared simplified year-end accounts, you should have already booked most of the tax-deductible expenses. Although some expenses are not to be recognised, you can still obtain a deduction for them, such as expenses for commuting to and from work. You fill in your travel expenses less SEK 11 000.

• Travel between home and place of business (in Swedish)
  

If you prepared regular year-end accounts, this could also pertain to travel expenses for business activities using your own car, or costs for maintaining business premises in your home.

• Business travel (in Swedish)
• Costs for premises (in Swedish)

The most frequent types of adjustments have their own boxes. Use form box R23 to enter (reverse) a recognised expense that is non-deductible and which does not have its own box. The same is applicable if you have revenue that is not recognised but taxable.

If you have prepared simplified year-end accounts, you should have already recognised most of the taxable items.

Those who have prepared regular year-end accounts are to report most of the income.

In this box, you report unutilised losses from the preceding tax year. You can find the amount in the specification you received together with your Income Tax Return 1 form. You can also see the amount in R48 from the preceding year’s profit/loss for the year NE-appendix or in the preceding year’s final assessment notice.

Exemptions apply if the tax return has been reviewed. The amount is then indicated in the tax assessment notice.

Unutilised losses are losses from business activities that you have not utilised for general tax deduction pertaining to a newly launched business or artistic operations. The loss must not have been be previously utilised as capital income, such as through sales of business premises.

• Losses (in Swedish)

If you have harvested a forest or extracted natural resources, you can be granted a tax deduction calculated in relation to the harvest (forestry deduction) or extraction (depletion deduction).

If you are entering a deduction in R25, you are to attach appendix N8 – Forestry deduction – Depletion deduction (SKV 2155) to your tax return.

• N8 – Forestry deduction – Depletion deduction (SKV 2155), in Swedish
  

Forestry deduction

You should not book a forestry deduction. You have to state the deduction in R25 instead.

Depletion

The deduction for depletion is divided into two sections:

Incurred depletion

You should not book incurred depletion. You can state the deduction in R25 instead.

Future depletion

To obtain deductions for future depletion, you must enter a deduction in the accounts. Consequently, you are not to fill anything in R25.

If you have sold your business premises at a profit, you are to use R26 to reverse recognised impairment losses on buildings and land improvements that you implemented on the sold property. You are also to reverse previously obtained forestry and depletion deductions.

If you have reversed forestry or depletion deductions in R25, you are to attach appendix N8 – Forestry deduction – Depletion deduction (SKV 2155) to your tax return. In the appendix, you are to state the reversed deduction per property.

• N8 – Forestry deduction – Depletion deduction (SKV 2155), in Swedish
  

If you have divested any business premises at a loss, these deductions are not to be reinstated in business operations at an amount corresponding to the loss. Instead, reversal is to be filed through appendix K7 – Sales – Business premises (SKV 2107).

• K7 – Sale - Business premises (SKV 2107), in Swedish
  

In the event your property has changed in nature during the tax year, from business premises to a privately owned residential property, you are to use R26 to reverse any recognised impairment losses. For example, you may have conducted business activities on the property’s upper floor and presently use only a small section for business activities.

If you have income from forestry (forestry revenue), you can defer taxation by depositing funds in a special account, known as a forest account or forest damage account. In R28, you can file a deduction with the corresponding deposit amount. To be eligible for deduction, you must deposit the funds by no later than the tax return submission date. Consequently, you are not required to deposit the funds during the tax year.

The amount that you are entitled to deduct is specifically limited and is calculated based on forestry revenues.

In the tax year that you withdraw or pay out funds from forest or forest damage account, the amounts must be filed for taxation in R27.

If you have entered the withdrawals or deposits into the books, you are not to fill in these boxes. You are to fill them only if you have not recognised these in the annual the accounts.

Also applicable to originator accounts

Everything stated in this section also applies to deposits into and withdrawals from originator accounts.

• Forestry deduction and forest account (in Swedish)
• Originator account (in Swedish)
  

You can add R12–R28 in this section. The amount is only intended as a control to prevent excessive deduction for positive interest distribution. Note that negative interest distribution is mandatory. Use the guide form, Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196) to make your calculations.

• Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196), in Swedish

This form box is for the deduction of positive interest distribution. The amount may not exceed the amount in R29. Positive interest distribution is voluntary and the distribution amount can be obtained from the guide form, Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196) Don’t forget to disclose the same amount as interest on capital under item 11.1 of Income Tax Return 1 form.

• Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196), in Swedish
  

Under miscellaneous information on the NE appendix, you are also to indicate:

• capital base (item 8) and
• any positive saved distribution amounts (item 10)

• Interest distribution (in Swedish)
  

In this form box, you are to indicate the distribution amount if you have negative interest distribution.

Negative interest distribution is mandatory and the distribution amount can be obtained from the guide form, Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196) Don’t forget to deduct the same amount as interest on capital under item 11.2 of Income Tax Return 1 form.

• Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196), in Swedish
  

You must also state your capital base in the NE appendix, under Item 9 Other disclosures.

• Interest distribution (in Swedish)

In this box, you report the allocation reserve amount that you now wish to reverse to taxation. You must reverse allocated funds no later than the sixth year after allocation. This means you can have a maximum of six allocation reserves at the same time.

You may opt to reverse your tax allocation reserves at an earlier date. You are to retain the documentation of your funds. If you are unable to find the documentation, you can cross the specification attached to your tax return. It comprises information about previously recognised provisions for tax allocation reserves.

• Tax allocation reserve (in Swedish)
  

This form box is for adding R12–R32. The amount provides the basis for calculating the permissible amount of deduction for the tax allocation reserve for the year.

This form box is for the deduction of provisions for tax allocation reserve for the year. The deduction is optional and may not exceed 30 per cent of the amount you stated in R33.

• Tax allocation reserve (in Swedish)
  

This form box is where you add R12–R34. The amount is only intended as a control to prevent excessive deduction for the expansion fund in R36. You may opt whether to reverse your deduction for the expansion fund.

• Expansion fund (in Swedish)
  

This form box is for the deduction of increases in the expansion fund. The amount may not exceed the amount in R35. If you have used the guide sheet, Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196), place the amount from the guide form into this box. Don’t forget to disclose the same amount under item 12.1 of the Income Tax Return 1 form. You must also state your capital base in the NE appendix, under Item 11 Other disclosures.

• Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196), in Swedish
  

This is where you disclose revenue for the reduction of your existing expansion funds. This may be optional or mandatory. Use the guide form, Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196) to make your calculations.

If you are filing a reduction don’t forget to disclose the same amount under item 12.2 of the Income Tax Return 1 form. If you have an expansion fund remaining at the close of the tax year, you must also state the capital base in the NE appendix, under Item 11 Other disclosures.

• Calculation – Interest distribution and expansion fund (SKV 2196)
• Expansion fund (in Swedish)
  

If you are conducting active business operations, you may, to a certain extent, file deductions for pension saving schemes. You may only obtain deductions for:

• your personally held pension insurance premiums and
• deposits into your own pension savings account.

If your income is derived solely from active business operations, you may deduct a maximum of 35 per cent of the income. The deduction amount to a maximum of 10 price base amounts (totalling SEK 573 000). Here, “income” refers to income from business activities before deduction via form boxes R38, R39 and R43. Your calculation shall be based on either profit/loss for the year or the preceding year’s income.

If you are conducting passive business operations, you may not claim any deductions for pension saving schemes.

Expenses for personal pension saving schemes must be charged against equity, as a withdrawal. You claim the deduction by filling in the amount in form box R38. You must also export this amount to item 10.6 of the Income Tax Return 1 form.

• Deduction for personal pension expenses (in Swedish)
  

If you have claimed a deduction for pension savings for your business operations, you are to pay a special payroll tax of 24.26 per cent of the deduction (the amount in form box R38). You report the basis of the special payroll tax (the amount in form box R38) in form box 10.6 of the Income Tax Return 1 form. In form box R39, you may claim a deduction for special payroll taxes that you are to pay. Consequently, you are to fill 24.26 per cent of the amount in form box R38 here.

• Deduction for personal pension expenses (in Swedish)
  

In R40, you are to state the deduction amount that you claimed in form box R43 of the preceding year’s NE appendix. This amount is also presented in the specification that you received together with your current year’s Income Tax Return 1 form. You need to verify the amount, as it may have changed if, for example, you have requested a tax reassessment.

In form box R41, you are to deduct the actual self-employment contributions and special payroll taxes you paid in the preceding year. You can find this amount in the preceding year’s final assessment notice or in the specification that you received together with your current year’s Income Tax Return 1 form. You need to verify the amount, as it may have changed if, for example, you have requested a tax reassessment.

Here, you are to add the items from R12–R41. The amount provides the basis for the calculation of the year’s deduction for self-employment contributions in form box R43.

In form box R43, you are to claim a deduction for the fees you are to pay for the tax year.

• Self-employment contributions (in Swedish)
  

You are not to report any sickness benefits as income for the company. In form box R44, you are to fill in the sickness allowance that you received from the Social Insurance Agency, which is based on your income from business operations. You can see the amount of the allowance in the statement of earnings and deductions you received from the Social Insurance Agency and on the specification attached to your tax return.

Sickness allowance through employment is to be reported under Income – Earned and is prefilled in your Income Tax Return 1 form.

In some cases, you are entitled to deduct a loss in business operations as a general tax deduction.

This could pertain to deficits in

• active artistic or literary activities, or
• newly launched active business operations that commenced in 2020 or later.

The amount utilised as a general tax deduction is to be inserted in this form box. You may deduct a maximum of SEK 100 000 annually. You must also report this amount under item 14.1 of the Income Tax Return 1 form.

• Deficit (in Swedish)
  

In some cases you shall offset your losses from business operations against gains in capital income. In form box R46 you fill the amount that is deducted under equity.

This may consist of a loss:

• pertaining to a residence in a multi-family building, or
• that is deducted against capital gains from the divestment of a property or tenant-owner property belonging to business operations.

Deficits pertaining to multi-family buildings are to be deducted under item 8.4 of the Income Tax Return 1 form. Note that you are not to reduce the loss amount to 70 per cent, as this is done automatically.

You are to report the loss that is to be deducted against capital gains from the divestment of property or a tenant-owner property in appendix K7 or K8. This is a mandatory offset.

• Deficit (in Swedish)
• K7 - Sale - Business premises (SKV 2107), in Swedish
• K8 - Sale – Non-residential tenant-owner property (SKV 2108), in Swedish

This form box is for adding R12–R46. You are to fill this box if you have a surplus arising from business operations. If you are conducting active business operations, import the amount to item 10.1. If you are conducting passive business operations, import the amount to item 10.3.

This is for a adding the items, R12–R46. You are to fill this box if you have a loss arising from business operations. If you are conducting active business operations, export the amount to item 10.2. If you are conducting passive business operations, export the amount to item 10.4.

In next year’s tax return, you fill in this amount in form box R24.

• Deficit (in Swedish)